Pax+Romana

=The Pax Romana: Roman Peace=

Pax Romana which means "Roman Peace" was a long period of time which had relative peace which was in the first and second centuries AD. Pax Romana was established by Caesar Augustus and it is often called Pax Augustus. The span of the Pax Romana lasted about 200 years (27 BC to 180 AD). The Roman legal system was frormed into the basis of many Westen court systems today, and it also unified the way things were ruled throughout the area. The legions secured the borders with success and all though there were a lot of foreign wars, the empire was free from any major conflicts. In the year 69 AD, it was called the Year of the Four Emperors following the fall of Nero and the Julio-Claudine line and it interrupted about 200 years of civil order.even though this was a tiny bump compared to other eras. The arts and the architecture were amazing as well as the commerce and the economy.

The Pax Romana was a period of time under Augustus and his partners and was a time where the generals only wanted to expand the land. The Pax Romana would have ended with Commodus himself, whose excesses and despotic misrule destabilized the central Roman politics among the chaos of the Germanic invasions of the Rhine-Danube frontier. The assassination of Commodus led to a seccesion crisis, the Year of the Five Emperors, culminated the ascension of a soldier emperor.

The Pax Romana started after Augustus beat Marc Anthony in the Battle of Actium. He became the "First Citizen". Lacking a good precedent of successful one-man rule, Augustus created a junta of the greatest military magnates and stood as the commander. By combining together the leading magnates in a coalition, he eliminated the prospect of a civil war. The Pax Romana was not immediate, because fighting continued in Spain and in the Alps. Nevertheless, Augustus closed the Gates of Janus  three times, the  first time was in 29 BC and it happened again in 25 BC. The third closure is undocumented, but was estimated to be around 13 BC with the Era of Pacis ceremony. At the time of the Ludi Saeculares in 17 BC the concept of Peace was publicized, and in 13 BC was proclaimed when Augustus and Agrippa jointly returned from pacifying the provinces. The Ara Pacis ceremony was no doubt part of this announcement.

**Citations:** "Pax Romana" Monday Feb 6, 2012 []