the+mongols

The Mongols

=**__Who Were the Mongols?__**= ___ The mongols were a central Asian nomadic group that originate from modern day mongolia. They connected many sedentary civilized centers through their trade routes. These trade routes traded not just goods but ideas, cultures, inventions, and religions. The Mongols created the largest land empire ever known to man. They were very militaristic with their army being entirely cavalry and very adaptive. During the invasion of china they adopted siege weapons from the Chinese. People within the Mongol empire prospered unitl its eventual declined in the 17th century due to the spread of diseases and many failed conquest

=__**Early Life**__= ___ The Mongols started off as nomadic peoples scattered across the vast expanses of modern day Mongolia. The people were divided among many tribes who were constantly at war for many things including territory, herding grounds, ect. Because of these scattered clans the Mongols lacked political unity and therefore had no government, or social structure. The Mongols resided in circular tents called yurts. Yurts usually had the floor covered with skins or rugs and had an opening in the middle for cooking. Women cooked the food, raised the children, and gathered things from their surroundings. Unlike other cultures women had a higher social status. They could go on the hunt with men and family lineage was traced through them. In simpler words they were not confined to the home. In 1206 the mongols were united under one ruler and this was Genghis Khan. This was the first time in the history of the mongols that they had been united together so it was a big deal. Under Genghis Khan they mongols developed a very effective military which would play a key role in their success. They military was entirely cavalry and it was said that just seeing how fast that they advance on an enemy army was enough to demoralize the enemy. Military units were organized into groups of tens, hundreds, thousands and ten thousands. The head of each group of ten thousand had a friendship with Genghis Khan ensuring loyalty to him. A famous tactic that the mongols used was to send a small group of the main army to engage the enemy and then have them retreat. The enemy would then follow out of positions and stuff to where the larger mongol army was waiting. The then out of position enemy army was easily taken down by the mongols. The mongols used this tactic countless times on the battlefield and were met with the same results each time.

**__The Invasion of China__**
Genghis Khan declared war against the Jin Dynasty of northern China in 1211. It was during this invasion that the mongols created their siege weapons used to take major cities. The Mongols swept right through northern China and by 1215 the had captured the capital of Yanjing. The Mongols tried to keep themselves seperate from the Chinese. They could not intermarry or learn the Mongols' language. Only women from nomadic families were selected for imperial harem. Kubai Khan absorbed some of the Chinese culture. Kubai surrounded himself with confucionist, daoist and buddhist auras. He was very tolerant. Mongols were very war oriented and were quick to take opportunities to expand. 1235-1279 was the war against Song China. Created Yuan dynasty in China and the capital was Tatu (Bei'jing). Buracracy Kubaii wife, Chabi had big influence in government. Kubaii refused to re-instate the examination system. Muslims improved test taking. Persians improved astronomy and maps. Kubaii helped the rise of the Artisan and merchant classes. Mongol empire stretched across most of Asia. Most offices high levels of bearuacracy. Mongols Central Asian, Muslim allies; North Chinese, Ethnic Chinese and people of the south. Kubaii tried to help the peasants by making graneries, lowering taxes, etc. Mongol women did not absorb much Chinese culture, no foot binding, retained property rights, etc. Mongols enjoyed Chinese musicals. Song people started revolts and more openly showed distaste of Mongols. Mongol failures in Japan tarnished reputation, by 1350 decline was evident. Traveled very light and they could travel long hours without stopping on horses. Expanded canal in direction of Beijing to be able to travel faster. Organized people into groups of ten, hundreds, thousands and ten thousand and a head unit of the ten thousands. To have close ties with Chiggis Khan this brought loyalty. Tactic was to fight with a small army, then have the small army retreat and lead the enemy to the bulk of the army.

__Mongols In Russia__
Men in russia were able to marry with multiple women (polygamy). women advised marriage and the brides family paid dowry.mongols helped centralize russian princes and influenced them to lift limitations the wealthy. led first assualt on islamic world. split conquered territory between sons and grandsons, created gained christian favor. capitol of Karakom.created largest global land empire, traded hides and dairy products in return for jewels , cloth , etc. tribes came together in time of need. tough love for dying leaders. defected in 1260 by egypt. slaves of moscow grows in power, golden horde declines , defeated hungary. for passage to europe. mongol withdrew becuase of ogedi dying. defeated seljuk turks. entirely cavalry. talented horsemen, used the bow and arrows., were really fast. made maps knew land before war. used the chinese silver an unified money. depended on goats and sheep for food, moves according to seasons, safe trade throughout unified tribes. conquered Russia becuase of petty kingdoms. The russians called the mongols Tartars. destroyed bahgdad __Bibliography__ "Picture Citation Richardson, David. "the Mongols." Karakalpak. Darla and Sue Richardson, 19 July 2007 Web. 26 Jan 2012 [|http://Karakalpak.com/Mongols.html] "Biography Genghis Khan | Biography Wanted." //Biography Wanted | Biography of Influential People In The World//. Web. 10 Feb. 2012. .

"Europa Medievale: Mongol Empire" Association Culturale Italia Medeyale. 8 June 2008. Web. 20 Jan 2012. [|http://www.Italian Medieval.org/2008/01/Mongol-empire.html] Rossabi, Morris. "The Mongols in World History | Asia Topics in World History." //Asia for Educators | Columbia University//. Web. 09 Feb. 2012. Stearns, Peter N., Michael Adas, Stuart B. Shwarts, and Marc J. Gilbert. "Online Course Companion: World Civilizations Online." Web. 09 Feb. 2012. .